How Terraform Uses Graph Theory
Feb 08, 2025
Introduction Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of graphs, which are structures used to represent relationships between objects. A graph consists of vertices (also known as nodes or points) that are connected by edges (also referred to as arcs, links, or lines). Graphs can be categorized into two types: undirected graphs, where edges connect vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges establish an asymmetric relationship between vertices.…
A brief Introduction to Cgroups in Linux
Nov 13, 2024
What is it? cgroups (abbreviated from control groups) is a Linux kernel feature1 that limits, accounts for, and isolates the resource (i.e CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network) usage of a collection of processes. It is essential for managing resource allocation in modern systems, especially in environments that require efficiency and isolation like containers, virtual machines, and multi-user servers. We can create multiple cgroups with parent-child relationships, as it is organized in a hierarchical structure.…
The RPC Protocol
Nov 10, 2024
What is it? Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol used in operating systems to enable high-level communication between programs. RPC relies on lower-level transport protocols like TCP/IP or UDP to transfer data between communicating applications. It establishes a client-server communication model specifically designed for network applications. Built on the eXternal Data Representation (XDR) protocol, RPC standardizes data representation for remote communication. XDR handles the conversion of parameters and results for each RPC service.…
VPC with Public and Private Subnets Using NAT
Nov 07, 2024
This posts touches on a VPC which we could use for production severs. We’d be deploying the servers in two Availability Zones (AZs), using an Auto Scaling group with managed instances, and an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The servers will be deployed in private subnets for security, be managed by an Auto Scaling group, and receive traffic from the load balancer. Since they are in a private subnet, connectivity to the Internet would be granted through the NAT gatway.…
A Brief Introduction to AWS CloudFormation
Oct 31, 2024
What does CloudFormation do? CloudFormation allows us to manage infrastructure as code, enabling the modeling, provisioning, and management of AWS and third-party resources efficiently and consistently. We define these resources using a CloudFormation template, a structured text file written in either YAML or JSON. With this template, we can create a CloudFormation stack in AWS, which provisions the specified resources. Updates to the stack are managed by modifying the template, with CloudFormation handling the necessary changes while ensuring the resources remain in a stable state.…
AWS Cloud Adoption Framework
Oct 29, 2024
Introduction The AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) is built upon the learnings from many of customer engagements by AWS. By following the best-practises on AWS, this frameworks assists us in designing and implementing a comprehensive roadmap for our cloud adoption journey. AWS Cloud Adoption Framework. Envision Phase The Envision phase of the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF) sets the foundation for cloud migration, led by the organization’s senior leadership. During this stage, the leadership team crafts a clear vision and strategy for cloud adoption.…
Upgrading an ELK Stack
Oct 26, 2024
Recently, I upgraded an internal ELK stack that was running version 7.x components to 8.x. This post outlines the process that was followed (steps might be different for other versions). Also, this post does not deep-dive into the process since the excellent Elastic docs are available, and they are regularly updated. Please consider this a process outline, rather than a guide. This specific stack has been set up for enabling observability into application logs, and multiple other related logs, of which the average daily index size is at the north of 10 G owing to business requirements.…
A Brief Introduction to the Test Pyramid
Oct 25, 2024
The Testing Pyramid1 is a conceptual framework that helps software developers and quality assurance (QA) teams optimize the process of ensuring software quality. By structuring different types of automated tests into a pyramid, it emphasizes focusing on fast, low-level tests like unit tests at the base, progressing to more comprehensive but slower integration tests, and finally minimal end-to-end tests at the top. This approach reduces the time needed to identify issues in the code and enhances the reliability of the test suite by offering rapid feedback on code changes, ensuring that new features don’t break existing functionality.…
Merge Specific Commits from a Git Pull Request
Oct 21, 2024
The scenario Think of an instance someone submits a git pull request to one of your repositories. Now, if you’ve ever been in that position, you know sometimes there are good commits, and bad commits, all inside the same pull request. In instances as above, one way to move forward is accept the changes in specific commits (good), then have approved and merged. The tools We can use the cherry-pick functionality in git when encountered with scenarios as above, which allows us to “cherry pick” only the commits we want from another branch.…
Cloud Deployment Models
Oct 20, 2024
What is Cloud computing? Cloud computing may be desribed as the on-demand availability of IT resources via the internet, with a pay-as-you-go pricing model. Instead of purchasing, owning, and managing physical data centers and servers, you can use technology services like computing power, storage, and databases as needed from a cloud provider. This approach allows educational institutions to avoid tasks such as hardware procurement, maintenance, and capacity planning. When adopting cloud solutions, organizations can choose between several models: single cloud, hybrid cloud, and multicloud.…